Weird Diophantine


Solve the equation for the positive integers:$$ (x+2y)^2 + 2x + 5y + 9 = (y+z)^2$$


Proof Based Problems  


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Solution

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$$ (x+2y)^2+2x+5y+9-(x+2y+1)^2 = y+8$$

If $x,y,z$ are positive, then $(x+2y)^2+2x+5y+9 > (x+2y+1)^2$.

$$(x+2y+2)^2-{(x+2y)^2+2x+5y+9} = -5 + 2x + 3y \geq  0$$

$$\implies (x+2y+2)^2 \geq {(x+2y)^2+2x+5y+9} > (x+2y+1)^2$$

So, $(x+2y+2)^2=(x+2y)^2+2x+5y+9$ or $2x+3y-5=0$. To make this condition true, $x=1,y=1$. By substituting $x=1,y=1$, we obtain $z=4$ and we are done.

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