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Find all possible non-negative integer solution $(x,y)$ of the following equation$$ x! + 2^y = (x+1)!$$
Note: $x! = x\cdot (x-1)!$ and $0! = 1$. For example, $5! = 5\times 4\times 3\times 2\times 1 = 120$.
Source: BdMO 2023 National Secondary P1
$x! + 2^y = (x+1)! $
$ \implies 2^y = (x+1)\cdot x! - x!$
$ \implies 2^y = x\cdot x!$
Now, if $x>2$, $3 \mid x\cdot x!$. But $3\nmid 2^y$. $\therefore x \leq 2$. $x=0$ doesn't work because $2^y = 0$ has no solutions.
By putting $x=1,2$, we obtain that $(x,y)=(1,0),(2,2)$ and we are done.